#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef pair i_i; typedef pair ll_i; typedef pair d_i; typedef pair ll_ll; typedef pair d_d; struct edge { int u, v, w; }; ll MOD = 1000000007; ll _MOD = 1000000009; double EPS = 1e-10; int INF = INT_MAX / 2; int main() { int T; cin >> T; for (int t = 1; t <= T; t++) { int x, b; scanf("%d%d", &x, &b); double e = 0; for (int S = 0; S < (1 << (b - 1)); S++) { int cnt = 1; double p = 1; for (int i = 0; i < b - 1; i++) { double q = min(1.0, (double)cnt / x); if (S & (1 << i)) { p *= 1 - q; cnt++; } else p *= q; } e += p * cnt; } printf("Case #%d: %.3f\n", t, e * (x + 1) / 2); } }