/**************************************************************
    User: error408
    Language: C/C++
    School: SSDUT
    Saying: Do one thing at a time,and do well.
****************************************************************/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

#define clr(s,x) memset((s),(x),sizeof(s))
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
#define lowbit(x) (x&(-x))
#define PB push_back
#define For(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define RL(N) scanf("%I64d",&N)
#define RLL(L,R) (RL(L),RL(R))

typedef long long               LL;
typedef unsigned int            uint;
typedef unsigned long long      ULL;
typedef vector<int>             vint;
typedef vector<string>          vstring;

/************************************END DEFINE*********************************************/

LL mul(LL a,LL b,LL mod){
    LL n = 0;
    while(b){
        if(b&1)
          n = (n+a)%mod;
        a = (a*2)%mod;
        b /= 2;
    }
    return n;
}

int main()
{
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--){
        LL q,p;
        cin>>q>>p;
        cout<<mul(q-1,q-2,2*p)/2<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}