#include <bits/stdc++.h>


using namespace std;

const int N = 2010;

int b[110];
double c[110];

int main()
{
    int T;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--) {
        long long  n,m;
        long long  ans  = 0;
        scanf("%lld %lld",&n,&m);
        if(m == 0 ){
            printf("0\n");
            continue;
        }
        n -= 1;
        m = n-(2*m)>0?n-(2*m):0;
        ans = (1+n)*n/2 - (m+1)*m/2;
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}