#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--){
        int n,m;
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        if(n==1||m==0){printf("0\n");continue;}
        long long ans=(long long)(2*n-1-2*m)*m;
        if(m>=n/2)ans=(long long)(n-1)*n/2;
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }    
}