#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
//#include<iostream>
//#include<cstdio>
//#include<cstring>
//#include<algorithm>
//#include<string>
//#include<vector>
//#include<queue>
//#include<set>
//#include<map>
//#include<stack>
//#include<cmath>
//#define mst(ss,b) memset((ss),(b),sizeof(ss))
//#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
//typedef long long ll;
//typedef __int64 LL;
//using namespace std;
//const int N=1000005;
//int main()
//{
//
//}
//
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

  int T;
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--)
  {
    long long  a,b;
    scanf("%lld%lld",&a,&b);
    if(b==0)
    {
        printf("0\n");
    }
    else if (b>=int(a/2))
    {   long long ans = 0;
        ans = (a-1+1)*(a-1)/2;
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
    else
    {
        a-=1;
        long long ans = 0;
        ans = (a+a-b*2+1)*(b*2)/2;
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
  }
}