#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>

inline int input() {
    static int p;
    scanf("%d", &p);
    return p;
}
// inline double inputf() {
//     static double p;
//     scanf("%lf", &p);
//     return p;
// }

int main() {
    for (int T = input(); T; --T) {
        const int n = input(), m = input();
        if (n == 1) puts("0");
        else if (m >= (n / 2)) printf("%lld\n", 1ll * n * (n - 1ll) / 2ll);
        else printf("%lld\n", (n + n + 1ll) * 1ll * m - 2ll * m * (m + 1ll));
    }

    return 0;
}