#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;

int main(){
    ll int t,n,m;
    cin>>t;
    for(int i=1;i<=t;i++){
        cin>>n>>m;
        if(m==0||n==1){
            cout<<0<<endl;continue;
        }
        ll int x=n/2;
        if(m>x)m=x;
        ll int a=2*n-3;
        ll int ans=m*a-2*m*(m-1);
        cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}