import java.util.*;

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        int T = in.nextInt();
        for(int cas = 0; cas < T; cas++){
            long n = in.nextLong(),  m = in.nextLong();
            System.out.println(solve(n,m));
        }
    }
    
    static long solve(long n, long m){
        if(m >= (n / 2))
            return (n * (n-1)) / 2;
        
        long sigma = (m * (m-1)) * 2;
        return m * (n-1+n-2) - sigma;
    }
}